![Aleppo, 2012-10-03 – 3 Car bombs hit the central Saadallah al-Jabiri square in Aleppo. [1]](/media/memory/film/m053-1920.webp)
Ghouta, Damascus countryside: Ein Tarma and Zamalka (Eastern Ghouta), Moadamiyah (Western Ghouta)
sarin · surface-to-surface rocketsat least 1,144 killed (1,119 civilians incl. 99 children and 194 women; 25 fighters); about 5,935 injured (SNHR, 2026-08-21)
no casualty total given; mission confirmed use against civilians including children 'on a relatively large scale' (UN Mission (final report A/68/663–S/2013/735))
| Nguồn | Kết luận | Bên quy trách nhiệm |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic (head: Åke Sellström)A/67/997–S/2013/553 · 2013-09-16 | Sarin found in impacted surface-to-surface rockets, environmental contamination and positive blood/urine samples; consistent epidemiology from >50 interviews. | None – identifying perpetrators was not part of the mission's mandate. |
| United Nations Mission (as above)A/68/663–S/2013/735 · 2013-12-13 | Restates the Ghouta conclusion (paras 109–110). | None (fact-finding mandate). |
| UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (COI)2014-03-05 | Agents used in Ghouta and Khan al-Assal (19 March 2013) bore the same distinctive markers. | No formal attribution; COI said the perpetrators 'likely had access to the chemical weapons stockpile of the Syrian military'. |
Bên quy trách nhiệm: No UN or OPCW body has formally attributed this attack (status per sources opened 2026-10-30). The OPCW's attribution team (IIT) has not issued a report on Ghouta.
Other published tallies (e.g. governments, medical NGOs) differ widely; they were not verified in this run and are not reproduced.
